| Final | | time | | gap | L | | 1. Paolo Pucci |  Italy | 56.3s | | | 4 | | 2. Viktor Polevoj |  Soviet Union | 56.9s | | +0.6s | 5 | | 3. Dobai Gyula |  Hungary | 57.5s | | +1.2s | 6 | | 4. Theo Hoogveld |  Netherlands | 57.7s | | +1.4s | 3 | | 5. Vitalij Szorokin | Soviet Union | 57.7s | | +1.4s | 8 | | 6. Paul Voell |  West Germany | 57.9s | | +1.6s | 2 | | 7. Karri Käyhkö |  Finland | 58.1s | | +1.8s | 7 | | 8. Wolfgang Baumann | West Germany | 59.1s | | +2.8s | 1 |
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| World Record: | | Championship Record: |
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| | Best 8 times advanced to Final. |
| Semi 1 | | time | | gap | L | | 1. Paolo Pucci | Italy | 56.1s | Q, ER | | 4 | | 5. Paul Voell | West Germany | 58.4s | Q | +2.3s | 5 | | 6. Karri Käyhkö | Finland | 58.5s | Q | +2.4s | 3 | | 8. Vitalij Szorokin | Soviet Union | 58.6s | Q | +2.5s | 6 | | 10.Andre Salomon |  Poland | 59.1s | | +3.0s | 2 | | 11.Horst-Günter Gregor |  East Germany | 59.2s | | +3.1s | 7 | | 14.Marc Kamoun |  France | 59.4s | | +3.3s | 1 | | 16.Neil McKechnie |  Great Britain | 1:00.2 | | +4.1s | 8 |
| Semi 2 | | time | | gap | L | | 2. Viktor Polevoj | Soviet Union | 57.1s | Q, ER | 5 | | | 3. Theo Hoogveld | Netherlands | 57.4s | Q | 3 | +0.3s | | 4. Dobai Gyula | Hungary | 57.4s | Q | 4 | +0.3s | | 6. Wolfgang Baumann | West Germany | 58.5s | Q | 3 | +1.4s | | 9. Vörös Sándor | Hungary | 59.0s | | 6 | +1.9s | | 12.Giorgio Perondini | Italy | 59.3s | | 1 | +2.2s | | 13.Hermann Willemse | Netherlands | 59.3s | | 7 | +2.2s | | 15.Per-Ola Lindberg |  Sweden | 59.5s | | 8 | +2.4s |
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| Heat 5 | | time | | | 1. Paolo Pucci | Italy | 56.3s | Q, ECR | | 3. Paul Voell | West Germany | 57.3s | Q | | 14.Giorgio Perondini | Italy | 59.2s | Q | | 21.Lars Krogh |  Norway | 1:00.2 | | | 22.Lars Larsson |  Denmark | 1:00.6 | | | 23.Manuel Guerra |  Spain | 1:00.9 | | | 27.René Wagner |  Luxembourg | 1:04.7 | |
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| Heat 4 | | time | | | 5. Karri Käyhkö | Finland | 57.9s | Q | | 7. Vitalij Szorokin | Soviet Union | 58.4s | Q | | 7. Vörös Sándor | Hungary | 58.4s | Q | | 12.Hermann Willemse | Netherlands | 59.0s | Q | | 25.Ivica Musnjak |  Yugoslavia | 1:01.6 | |
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| Heat 3 | | time | | | 2. Dobai Gyula | Hungary | 56.9s | Q | | 6. Theo Hoogveld | Netherlands | 58.3s | Q | | 15.Neil McKechnie | Great Britain | 59.4s | Q | | 18.Gert Kölli |  Austria | 59.9s | | | 24.Leopoldo Rodés | Spain | 1:01.3 | |
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| Heat 2 | | time | | | 4. Viktor Polevoj | Soviet Union | 57.8s | Q | | 10.Wolfgang Baumann | West Germany | 58.6s | Q | | 16.Per-Ola Lindberg | Sweden | 59.7s | Q | | 19.Petr Kováč |  Czechoslovakia | 1:00.0 | | | 20.Ludwik Balczyk | Poland | 1:00.0 | |
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| Heat 1 | | time | | | 9. Andrzej Salamon | Poland | 58.5s | Q | | 11.Horst-Günter Gregor | East Germany | 58.7s | Q | | 13.Marc Kamoun | France | 59.1s | Q | | 17.Kurt Assmann | East Germany | 59.7s | | | 26.Fikirci Ünsal |  Turkey | 1:03.3 | |
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| Swimm-Off | | time | | | 1. Per-Ola Lindberg | Sweden | 58.8s | Heat SO M_F_100m | | 2. Kurt Abmann | East Germany | 59.5s | Heat SO M_F_100m |
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